Across ages

Roots of Empathy (ROE) is a parenting programme for school children aged 3 to 14, currently being delivered with great success to over 50,000 children per annum in 2,000 classrooms in Canada, USA, Australia and since 2008 in the Isle of Man. It was introduced to both Northern Ireland and Scotland in 2010. Its fundamental goal is to break the intergenerational cycle of violence and poor parenting. Its introduction to Isle of Man, Northern Ireland and Scotland all arose from work carried out by WAVE with local communities or voluntary associations in these areas and with Roots of Empathy in Canada. 

Highland Region in Scotland has set up a streamlined reaction system which ensures that the situations for at risk children are dealt with effectively, and in a streamlined manner, the first time they show up on the radar, thus saving the costs and consequences of children remaining in the system for years to come. It is a particularly innovative and interesting model of effective multi-agency working. Senior staff in Highland claim that the streamlined reaction approach has led to greater cost efficiency, lower juvenile crime and less child abuse. A comparison is made with the Croydon Total Place approach, with which there are some similarities.

It is commonly said that the peak age for violent behaviour is mid-adolescence. Four decades of research by Professor Richard Tremblay demonstrate that a more accurate statement would be that while the visible consequences of violence are greatest in mid-adolescence, the peak age for aggression and violence in children is 2-3, with those children destined to be the most troublesome offenders in teenage years already distinguished at age 3 by levels of aggression 10 times higher than the most peaceable 30% of toddlers. Tremblay’s research is summarised and has an important message for the most effective age of intervention to reduce violence in society.

The Montreal Longitudinal study was of a school-based parent training that identifies boys with disruptive behaviour in kindergarten but does not work with them until age 7. The 2-year programme then delivered showed positive impact, including lower likelihood of being involved in gangs. Follow-up at age 24 showed that two thirds of the disadvantage of these disruptive kindergarten children had been removed by this 2-year intervention at age 7-9.