Age 1 - 3

Research shows that the window for social development reaches its peak at age 2. This section describes interventions that help the child develop strong social-emotional skills. 

Harlem Children's Zone

The Harlem Children’s Zone seeks to rebuild a very run-down part of New York with an ambitious pipeline which begins with The Baby College (a series of workshops for parents of children ages 0-3) and goes on to include best-practice programmes for children of every age through to college. The programme is judged to have closed the black-white achievement gap in its area of New York.

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Research of Richard Tremblay

It is commonly said that the peak age for violent behaviour is mid-adolescence. Four decades of research by Professor Richard Tremblay demonstrate that a more accurate statement would be that while the visible consequences of violence are greatest in mid-adolescence, the peak age for aggression and violence in children is 2-3, with those children destined to be the most troublesome offenders in teenage years already distinguished at age 3 by levels of aggression 10 times higher than the most peaceable 30% of toddlers. Tremblay’s research is summarised and has an important message for the most effective age of intervention to reduce violence in society.

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Healthy Families America

There is good evidence for the effectiveness of Healthy Families America in preventing child maltreatment. It is a national initiative to help parents get their newborns off to a healthy start. While participation is strictly voluntary, outreach is included in the initiative. Crucially, the home visiting is carried out by trained Family Support Workers rather than health visitors.

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Croydon Total Place

The Croydon Total Place initiative has similarities with the above Highland Region approach, including team-working across agencies, single points of contact for difficult families, early identification etc, plus a number of additional ideas such as involvement of the community, proactively engaging parents and an Early Years Academy to train staff. An approach combining the best of both the Highland Region and Croydon models could deliver much improved outcomes for children as well as significant cost savings.

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Parents as Teachers

Parents as Teachers trains and supports early-years professionals on how best to engage parents in their child’s development. They develop curricula for parent education based on the latest research in child development and neuroscience and train early-years professionals to deliver these. They also supply extensive support resources both for professionals and parents, follow-up training and mentorship and annual accreditation to maintain quality.

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Circle of Security

Circle of Security is a 20-week, group-based, parent educational and  psychotherapeutic intervention designed to shift patterns of caregiving interactions in high-risk, caregiver-child dyads (pairs) to a more appropriate developmental pathway.

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